Spains American Colonies and the Encomienda System

In the 1500s, Spain systematically conquered parts of North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean. With native governments such as the efficient Inca Empire in ruins, the Spanish conquistadors  needed to find a way to rule their new subjects. The encomienda system was put in place in several areas, most importantly in Peru. Under the encomienda system, prominent Spaniards were entrusted with native communities. In exchange for native labor and tribute, the Spanish lord would provide protection and education. In reality, however, the encomienda system was thinly-masked slavery and led to some of the worst horrors of the colonial era. The Encomienda System The word encomienda comes from the Spanish word encomendar, meaning to entrust. The encomienda system had been used in feudal Spain during the reconquest and had survived in some form ever since. In the Americas, the first encomiendas were handed out by Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean. Spanish conquistadors, settlers, priests or colonial officials were given a repartimiento, or grant of land. These lands were often quite vast. The land included any native cities, towns, communities or families that lived there. The natives were supposed to provide tribute, in the form of gold or silver, crops, and foodstuffs, animals such as pigs or llamas or anything else the land produced. The natives could also be made to work for a certain amount of time, say on a sugarcane plantation or in a mine. In return, the owner, or encomendero, was responsible for the well-being of his subjects and was to see to it that they were converted and educated about Christianity. A Troublesome System The Spanish crown reluctantly approved the granting of encomiendas because it needed to reward the conquistadors and establish a system of governance in the newly-conquered territories, and the encomiendas were a quick-fix that killed both birds with one stone. The system essentially made landed nobility out of men whose only skills were murder, mayhem, and torture: the kings hesitated to set up a New World oligarchy which could later prove troublesome. It also swiftly led to abuses: encomenderos made unreasonable demands of the natives who lived on their lands, working them excessively or demanding tribute of crops that could not be grown on the land. These problems appeared quickly. The first New World haciendas, granted in the Caribbean, often had only 50 to 100 natives and even on such a small scale, it wasn’t long before the encomenderos had virtually enslaved their subjects. Encomiendas in Peru In Peru, where encomiendas were granted on the ruins of the rich and mighty Inca Empire, the abuses soon reached epic proportions. The encomenderos there showed an inhuman indifference to the suffering of the families on their encomiendas. They did not change the quotas even when crops failed or disasters struck: many natives were forced to choose between fulfilling quotas and starving to death or failing to meet quotas and facing the often-lethal punishment of the overseers. Men and women were forced to work in mines for weeks at a time, often by candlelight in deep shafts. The mercury mines were particularly lethal. During the first years of the colonial era, Peruvian natives died by the hundreds of thousands. Administration of the Encomiendas The owners of the encomiendas were not supposed to ever visit the encomienda lands: this was supposed to cut down on abuses. The natives instead brought the tribute to wherever the owner happened to be, generally in the larger cities. The natives were often forced to walk for days with heavy loads to be delivered to their encomendero. The lands were run by cruel overseers and native chieftains who often demanded extra tribute themselves, making the lives of the natives even more miserable. Priests were supposed to live on the encomienda lands, instructing the natives in Catholicism, and often these men became defenders of the people they taught, but just as often they committed abuses of their own, living with native women or demanding tribute of their own. The Reformers While the conquistadors were wringing every last speck of gold from their miserable subjects, the ghastly reports of abuses piled up in Spain. The Spanish crown was in a tough spot: the royal fifth, or 20% tax on conquests and mining in the New World, was fueling the expansion of the Spanish Empire. On the other hand, the crown had made it quite clear that the Indians were not slaves but Spanish subjects with certain rights, which were being flagrant, systematically and horrifically violated. Reformers such as Bartolomà © de las Casas were predicting everything from the complete depopulation of the Americas to the eternal damnation of everyone involved in the whole sordid enterprise. In 1542, Charles V of Spain finally listened to them and passed the so-called New Laws. The New Laws The New Laws were a series of royal ordinances designed to halt the abuses of the encomienda system, particularly in Peru. Natives were to have their rights as citizens of Spain and could not be forced to work if they did not want to. Reasonable tribute could be collected, but any additional work was to be paid for. Existing encomiendas would pass to the crown upon the death of the encomendero, and no new encomiendas were to be granted. Furthermore, anyone who abused natives or who had participated in the conquistador civil wars could lose their encomiendas. The king approved the laws and sent a Viceroy, Blasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez Vela, to Lima with clear orders to enforce them. Rebellion The colonial elite was livid with rage when the provisions of the New Laws became known. The encomenderos had lobbied for years for the encomiendas to be made permanent and passable from one generation to another, something the King had always resisted. The New Laws removed all hope of perpetuity being granted. In Peru, most of the settlers had taken part in the conquistador civil wars and could, therefore, lose their encomiendas immediately. The settlers rallied around Gonzalo Pizarro, one of the leaders of the original conquest of the Inca Empire and brother of Francisco Pizarro. Pizarro defeated Viceroy Nà ºÃƒ ±ez, who was killed in battle, and basically ruled Peru for two years before another royalist army defeated him; Pizarro was captured and executed. A few years later, the second rebellion under Francisco Hernà ¡ndez Girà ³n took place and was also put down. End of the Encomienda System The King of Spain almost lost Peru during these conquistador uprisings. Gonzalo Pizarros supporters had urged him to declare himself King of Peru, but he refused: had he done so, Peru might have successfully split from Spain 300 years early. Charles V felt it prudent to suspend or repeal the most hated aspects of the New Laws. The Spanish crown still steadfastly refused to grant encomiendas in perpetuity, however, so slowly these lands reverted to the crown. Some of the encomenderos managed to secure title-deeds to certain lands: unlike the encomiendas, these could be passed down from one generation to the next. Those families that held land would eventually become the native oligarchy. Once the encomiendas reverted to the crown, they were overseen by corregidores, royal agents who administered crown holdings. These men proved to be every bit as bad as the encomenderos had been: corregidores were appointed for relatively brief periods, so they tended to squeeze as much as they could out of a particular holding while they could. In other words, although the encomiendas were phased out eventually by the crown, the lot of the native workers did not improve. The encomienda system was one of the many horrors inflicted on the native people of the New World during the conquest and colonial eras. It was essentially slavery, given but a thin (and illusory) veneer of respectability for the Catholic education that it implied. It legally allowed the Spaniards to work the natives literally to death in the fields and mines. It seems counter-productive to kill off your own workers, but the Spanish conquistadors in question were only interested in getting as rich as they could as quickly as they could: this greed led directly to hundreds of thousands of deaths in the native population. To the conquistadors and settlers, the encomiendas were nothing less than their fair and just reward for the risks they had taken during the conquest. They saw the New Laws as the actions of an ungrateful king who, after all, had been sent 20% of Atahualpas ransom. Reading them today, the New Laws do not seem radical — they provide for basic human rights such as the right to be paid for work and the right to not be unreasonably taxed. The fact that the settlers rebelled, fought and died to fight the New Laws only shows how deeply they had sunk into greed and cruelty. Sources: Burkholder, Mark and Lyman L. Johnson. Colonial Latin America. Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970). Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Patterson, Thomas C. The Inca Empire: The Formation and Disintegration of a Pre-Capitalist State.New York: Berg Publishers, 1991.

The Constitution Guarantees Every Citizen Civil Rights

(1) The constitution guarantees every citizen civil rights. Civil rights ensure that the government makes the constitutional freedoms a reality for all people. The rights of citizens include having the right to a trial, expressing yourself, and the freedom to worship or not. Other rights include the right to vote, the right to federal employment, the right to run for office, as well as the right to pursue life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Responsibilities of American citizens include supporting and defending the constitution, being informed about issues in the community, participating in the local community, participating in the democratic process, and respecting the laws. Some other responsibilities are paying taxes, serving on a jury, and defending the country as necessary. (2) U.S. citizens have political rights to keep the government from over-controlling them. Some commonly know political rights include the right to vote, the right to hold public office, and the right to petition. Other rights, like the right to resist, are more controversial. In Oregon, some schools were using history textbooks that had eliminated all of the negative things that America had done in the past. Citizens, including the students and teachers, began to protest. The people say that it is against one’s rights to deprive them of their country’s true history. (3) Economic rights ensure that every human is able to afford conditions that enable them to meet their needs.Show MoreRelatedCivil Liberties and Civil Rights Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Liberties (And how they differ from civil rights) If the fires of freedom and civil liberties burn low in other lands, they must be made brighter in our own. If in other lands the press and books and literature of all kinds are censored, we must redouble our efforts here to keep them free. 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As stated in the textbook on page 676, â€Å"to have civil rights means that all rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law†; which means civil rights are our basic rights to freedom. As stated in the textbook as well, â€Å"to have civil liberties means those personal freedoms thatRead MoreCivil Rights And The Bill Of Rights Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesof rights and liberties worldwide is a luxury that all countries do not have and are not given to them. In America the people have the Constitution and the Bill of Rights that enumerate their inalienable rights. In the State of Texas there is also a constitution and a Bill of Rights for the people. One of the most important rights in the Texas Bill of Rights in the constitution is Article 1 Section 3 and 3a titled Equality and Equality Under the Law. There are differences between civil rights and

Research Paper Puerto Rico Free Essays

Juan David Vivas Professor Holt ENC – 1102 Honors English Final Research Paper La ficcion y la realidad en Seva â€Å"Seva: History of the first U. S. invasion of the island of Puerto Rico that took place in May 1898,† is a story written by Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper Puerto Rico or any similar topic only for you Order Now Luis Lopez Nieves that defies the boundaries of truth and fiction. This story was published on December 23, 1983 in the supplement of the newspaper â€Å"Red Clarity†. A story that was able to leave a legacy behind. This legacy created an atmosphere of questions and answers among the people in the island. The devastation that puertorricans felt over the words they were reading were caused by a simple proofreading error, arose much confusion where people were desperate for answers, and the perfection of how Seva was written made it impossible to be questioned. Before I continue on informing about this dreadful story, it is important that I state several historical facts in order to accept the authors full credentials and obtain a better grasp of the story. Luis Lopez Nieves was born on January 17, 1950 in Washington, DC, from Puerto Rican parents. As early as seven years old he moved to the capital of Puerto Rico and at fifteen years of age began his studies at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras campus. The most luxurious university to study at that time. During his second year he was in Greenwich Village, an artistic and bohemian neighborhood of New York (Ciudsv. com/Datos). At twenty years of age he returned to the University of Puerto Rico and in 1973 graduated with a degree in general studies with concentrations in Comparative Literature and Hispanic Studies. Then he moved to the University of New York at Stony Brook, where he began his Master’s degree in Hispanic Studies with a grant from the Ford Foundation. In 1980 he received a doctorate in Philosophy specializing in Comparative Literature and sets a precedent by being the first student to deliver a novel as a doctoral thesis: The Prince Alexander excessive happiness. Lopez Nieves is the author of the novels The Silence of Galileo, published in June 2009 and The heart of Voltaire, published in December 2005 (Ciudsv. om/Datos). This writer is also known for his excellent work as a storyteller with his books of short stories entitled The real death of Juan Ponce de Leon, published in April 2000, Writing for Rafa, published in 1987 and Seva. The week this story was published, the people of Puerto Rico were shocked to learn that the first U. S. invasion of Puerto Rico did not occur July 25, 1898 by the town of Guanica but that it happened on May 5th on the coast of the village that no longer exists called Seva (Ciudsv. com/Datos). That day, the 2,000 troops of General Nelson Miles was ambushed by 721 patriotic â€Å"savaenos† that resisted the American attack on the island and finally defeated the troops of General Miles. Actually it was not a historic victory but a great literary epic written by Luis Lopez Nieves (Ciudsv. com/Libros). A clarification that seemed to be absent on the published story of Seva in the newspaper Clarity caused much controversy in Puerto Rico since people were misled to believe the events occurred were true. The reaction was strong but confused. A harrowing mixture of joy, anger and pain. Joy because finally the old hated myth was destroyed of the alleged docility of puertorricans, their supine alleged delivery to the conquerors. At last, after many years of historical ignorance, puertorricans began to learn a few episodes of their true and heroic epic. Anger because such a vile act as the slaughter of Seva, and the total eradication of the people by the invaders, with good reason (Ciudsv. com/Libros). Pain because the people more courageous than ever, heroic even Lares, lay murdered, buried and forgotten under the planes, buildings and nuclear missiles of the naval base at Roosevelt Roads. After the Seva news, reports were confirmed that in Naguabo, Ceiba, Guayanilla, Rio Piedras, San Sebastian and several committees were organized within hours. The first committee was intended to find Don Ignacio Martinez, the only survivor of the slaughter of Seva: â€Å"My life has changed forever because last January 17 after 14 months of searching disheartened, I finally found the child-without-ear-left: Don Ignacio Martinez. When the Slaughter of Seva was 9 years old (and not 7 as I had estimated) and now has 92, but looks much younger. (Seva, 45)   Another committee was organized to dig in the Roosevelt Roads naval base at any cost until they found the remains of Seva, â€Å"The People Martyr†. In addition to the committees, a prominent psychologist met with the governor of Puerto Rico, Carlos Romero Barcelo, and demanded an investigation to give the whereabouts of Dr. Victor Cabanas. The Governor, given the facts, he was obliged to study the events. This reaction from readers and patriots is admirable, but there was a problem: Seva is a story, the result of a deep dissatisfaction with Luis Lopez Nieves history of Puerto Rico (Ciudsv. om/Datos). The newspaper Clarity, stunned by the events caused by the story he was obliged to publish an apology: â€Å"The text Seva: History of the first U. S. invasion of the island of Puerto Rico took place in May 1898, published in the last edition of In Red, is a story. The same has caused shock and alarm in parts of the country because it suggests a major historical discovery. While some read the text as a story, it seems that most of our readers thought it was a sensational historical article, the product of a thorough investigation and risky. But this is a story and nothing else but a story that became the product of imagination and the combination of literary resources of its author, Luis Lopez Nieves. † The immense controversy that caused Seva took the complete simplicity of just â€Å"another† column in the newspaper to have immediate government intervention to find answers. It rose over the whole story that threatens to take folkloric proportions. In sectors of intellectual, artistic, and academic independence of the country there was another issue this week. At parties, businesses, libraries and homes continually arose gatherings and discussions on the Slaughter of Seva. Attitudes towards the story begin in the euphoria (â€Å"Seva is a rallying cry,† says Ferdinand Quintana, Guayanilla musician). Several crosses appeared in front of the Roosevelt Roads naval base with the inscription: â€Å"Seva Lives! â€Å"(Seviv. com/criticas). The â€Å"Capitolio News Agency† (The white house of Puerto Rico) assigned the reporter Jennifer Wolfe to travel immediately to Washington with the intention of interviewing Peggy Ann Miles, the granddaughter of General Nelson Miles that received Dr. Victor Cabins with â€Å"biscuits, tea and very polite words†, a person that does not exist (Ciudsv. om/Datos). The poet Jose Manuel Torres Santiago confirmed that following the clarification of the magazine Clarity to the effect that Seva was a story, many in Guayanilla and San Sebastian protested and refused to believe it was said then that Seva Editorial reality and fiction. Many refused to believe that Seva was a story and chose to stay with the vers ion of Luis Lopez Nieves. A prominent nationalist claims to know a veterinarian who, in turn, had an uncle who spoke of Seva. â€Å"Its Ceiba,† the vet told his uncle. â€Å"No,† he replied, â€Å"I do not speak of Ceiba but of Seva†. This nationalist seemed very concerned and said that Seva is a reality. He resists, moreover, to believe that Don Ignacio Martinez is a fictitious entity created by Luis Lopez Nieves (Seva, p. 58). Fortunately, in the same way that people were wrong or did not understand the satire of Lopez Nieves, there were people who understood. A famous guayanillense wrote the following note with the real meaning of the story: â€Å"Seva is for me a reality of all Puerto Ricans, regardless of political positions, that could happen or has happened in our town that is still suffering the same symptoms of the past. But as long as men determined as Seva, Puerto Rico will have a firm hope, of all Puerto Ricans who believe in the values that the country means for everyone. Although they do not deserve to have benefits and come to mourn for what they have not earned or deserved. But we are all too ‘Ay Bendito’ that we forgive him. † (January 9, 1984, Jose Eugenio Rivera Castagnet) The elaborate and well detailed of the context in Seva presented the story so well that it was extremely difficult to determine fact from fiction. For the first time an author was able to take a story that was not true but because of historical events, it seemed as if it had happened exactly as stated (Seviv. com/critocas). This work is extraordinary. This paper published by Luis Lopez Nieves is a hit. It is an invitation to delve into the history of Puerto Rico, for Seva is not far from the truth. Among the readers of Clarity are probably the most sophisticated, better informed and more critical of the island: professors and university students, boxes on the left, lawyers, labor leaders, and professionals (Ciudsv. om/Libros). The author wanted to share with the people the truth that good fiction reveals: the truth about puertorricans. That is, it looks like people get an immediate sense of patriotism to see how a town was erased from history. Puerto Rican’s know the abuses that the American people rushed against Puerto Rico, the problem is that they forget or are given a blind eye when they give their coupons, housing a nd entertainment, among other things. They think that to swim against the current is comprehensive and to swim along is demeaning and insulting for the soul and freedom. So they are undecided and have a lifestyle like if nothing is happening around them (Ciudsv. com/Datos). We find reality hard to believe and accept. The fiction on the other hand can easily be taken as true. How else can one explain that a publicity stunt by the author of Seva: The True Story of the American invasion in 1898 has caused such a stir, mostly clarifications and explanations from the area called the country’s intelligence? Works Cited Lopez Nieves, Luis. Seva: Historia de la primera invasion norteamericana de la isla de Puerto Rico ocurrida en mayo de 1898. ra ed. Bogota, Colombia: Editorial Norma 2006 â€Å"Puerto Rico: Cementerio de la acrobacia†, revista Borinquen Grafico â€Å"? Seva Vive? â€Å". Site Oficial De Seva Vive. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 June 2012. http://www. sevavive. com/la-critica-y-los-medios â€Å"Datos Personales Y BiogrA? ficos – Luis Lopez Nieves – Ciudad Seva. † Datos Personales Y BiogrA? ficos. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 June 2012. http://ciudadseva. com/datos/index. htm. Seva – Luis Lopez Nieves. † Seva. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 June 2012. ;http://ciudadseva. com/libros/seva. htm;. How to cite Research Paper Puerto Rico, Essays

Marketing Plan of Samsung Capture Mobile Phone Market

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan of Samsung. Answer: Introduction For any organization to thrive and grow in the competitive market there is a need to be aware of the external and the internal market conditions. Any successful organization should start from the scratch by deciding the main objectives and goals of the organization, then move forward to external market research, and launch the business (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). The report will mainly evaluate the steps taken by Samsung to become successful and rule the market. The report will first look into the mission, visions and objectives of the company. It will then move on to evaluate the sales trends of the organization. Any big organization will face issues as far as economic perspective is concerned and Samsung is no different. The macro and microenvironmental issues will make the readers aware of the challenges faced by the organization (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). It will help in getting an idea about the types of issues one can face from the market. The report will further evaluate the marketing objectives of Samsung and will carry out the SWOT analysis to know the internal strength and weakness of Samsung. 4Ps is another essential factor of marketing that will help the organization to develop the product, give proper price and promote it in the market (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). The 4Ps is the indicator for the organization to tell them about how the product will fare in market. The perceptual mapping will help the company to check the competitors. The position of the competitors in the market will help Samsung to evaluate the proper positions where the company will be placed so that it is able to fare well than the competitors. The marketing pan also involves the planning of the expenditures of the company that will be required for promoting the company and hence, it should not be overlooked by any organization (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Brief Background of Samsung Company Mission Statement of Samsung Company The mission statement of Samsung is to innovate new technologies, designs and products that will help in the enrichment of the life of the people and help in brining a sustainable future that will be socially responsible (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Vision Statement of Samsung Company The mission statement of Samsung of Samsung is inspire the world and create the future (Samsung.com 2016). The vision statement of Samsung can be explained by the vision 2020. It aims at innovation in the field of technology, solution and products. The organization invites the community to join them in this approach so that they are able to give better and richer experience of digital experience (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). By the year, 2020, Samsung aims at attaining an annual sale of USD 400 billion and place Samsung in the number one position among of the top 5 positions as far as overall brand value is concerned. The three strategic pillars will be able to better explain the business operation, management and culture of Samsung (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). The three pillars are: Creativity Partnership Great people Objectives of Samsung Company The objectives of Samsung can be divided into quantitative goals and qualitative goals. The quantitative goals include the achievement of USD 400 bullion as far as the sale is concerned. Moreover, be the number one in the global top 5 and the internal IT industry (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013) The qualitative goals are to be an innovative and respected company. In addition to this, the objectives include to get a position among the top ten best workplaces, be the creative leader when it comes to build new markets and be the global enterprise that will attract the best talent of the world (Choi et al. 2012). Sales Records of last 2 to 3 years Versus Market Spending of Samsung Company Spot Trend The sales record of Smartphone, one of the most dependent product line of Samsung has been slow since 2013 until the second quarter of 2015 (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). However, there has been a growth in the sale in the year 2014 as compared to the sale of the year, 2013. Number of units sold by Samsung in the year 2014 is 76,129.2 and the market share 26.2 percent. In the year, 2015, the sale of units fell down to 72072.5 units and the market share decreased to 21.9 percent (NDTV Gadgets360.com 2015). Hence, it can be seen that the sales of Samsung hugely varied from the year, 2014 and in the year 2015. The main reason for the fall has been estimated to be the rise of cheaper 3G and 4G Smartphone in the market and the popularity of those phones among the consumers (Lusch and Vargo 2014). Identification of Product Line of Samsung Company Two Other Organizations in Close Substitution with Samsung The main product line of Samsung is the Smartphone. The market of Samsung is hugely depended on this product line. The two closest competitors of Samsung in the field of Smartphone are Apple and Huawei. However, the position of Samsung is strongest than the position of the two competitors. When on one hand, Samsung recorded a sale of 72.072.5 units, on the other hand, Apple recoded a sale of 48,085.5 units and Huawei a sale of 25,085.8 units in the same year (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). The market share of Samsung was 21.9 percent in the year 2015, whereas the market share of Apple and Huawei was 14.6 percent and 7.8 percent respectively. The difference in the units and market share was no different for the year 2014. Samsung recorded a sale of 76,129.2 units in the year 2014, while Apple and Huawei recorded a sale of 35,345.3 units and 17,657.7 units respectively. Samsung had market share of 26.2 percent in the year 2016, whereas apple had a market share of 12.2 percent and Huawei had a market share of 6.1 percent (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). Samsung took huge lead in the year 2016 over Apple (Stevens 2016). In spite of the introduction of the latest iphone 7 of the iphone family, Apple was not able to make the consumer attract towards them. The introduction of Samsung S6 edge and S7 edge was enough to attract the customers towards Samsung (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Competitor Information Apple has its headquarters in Cupertino of California. The company started its journey in the year, 1976 under the supervision of Ronald Wayne, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak (Apple.com 2016). It started working as a company that develop and sells personal computers. Apple was renamed Apple Computers Inc. In the year, 1977 and was again renamed as Apple Inc. in the year 2007. The latest production of Apple iphone is the most sought after product among the consumers. The latest release of apple is the iphone 7 (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Ren Zhengfei, who was an ex-military officer, founded Huawei. The company started operating in the markets of China as a private firm (huawei 2016). The initial aim of the organization is to provide operations services and consulting services to the organizations in China. Currently, Huawei is having more than 140,000 employees working for it. Out of the huge number of employees 46 percent of them in involved in research and development of the products (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Discussion on Micro and Macro Environment Issues of Samsung Company Micro Environment Factors Microanalysis defines as the scanning of internal factors for any business organization that majorly affects the working of a company (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). If a particular company has favourable internal environment, then it is an asset to the company as well as leads towards increase in productivity and further growth opportunities at the same time. Samsung Company faces stiff competition on global economy especially in India. There is availability of cheap quality affecting business in the most appropriate way. It involves constant competitors for innovating in advancement of new technology (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Samsung Company focus mainly on customer services as well as diversification on other segments in an overall manner. Bargaining power of buyers is higher in this case. There is large availability of choices that are provided to the potential buyers. Pricing requires to be kept depending upon the customer needs and expectations and demand at the same time (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). It requires adopting innovating marketing strategy for attracting the potential customers. Good market share considers as second option in comparison with Nokia and Sony. Buyers has misconception that Samsung is a Chinese brand It can be noticed that there is even availability of cheap Chinese electronic products that largely affects the market share of Samsung Company (Mudie and Pirrie 2012). There is even delay caused in technological innovation helping other competitors named as Apple Inc. It is saturated mainly on multimedia as well as communication field at the same time (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Some of the major international environmental factors are as follows: Innovation Innovation is one of the microanalysis factors for the company named as Samsung. Samsung believes in innovation as well as creativity in their business operations (Marshall 2014). This is major reason why Samsung is there in news for good reasons. Until now, Samsung has worked great with the association with Android. Samsung believes in upgrading their mobile phones and attain the needs of the potential customers (Lee and Carter 2012). Nexus, which is popular among the users in and across the globe Market Size Android Platform is open for all the major players as well as there is increase in the Smart phones users as viewed from past few years (Kotler et al. 2015). Market has considerable shown growth in tern of volume as well as users. It has been noticed that there is large market for the smart phone users. These phones are rendering access to millions of users who will get applications as well as features. As far as perception is concerned, Market demand will grow in the upcoming years in terms of quality as well as quantity (Hutt and Speh 2012). Demand and Supply Samsung Brand has performed successfully well in the current years when it is discussed regarding high-end smart phones (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). Samsung plays major role, as there is high-end smart phones and supplied in the present global marketplace. This is being supplied by balancing with the forces of supply as well as demand. Samsung business strategy is well planned as well as better executed in desired way. It is for this reason when a particular model demand falls; Samsung comes out with latest version and launches with updated features and better performance (Hollensen 2015). Opportunity Cost Samsung Company analyzes the opportunity cost as it refers to the loss of potential gain. Samsung moves around in planned ways from the past years as well as working at a minimum opportunity cost (Goworek and McGoldrick 2015). The company does this by accurate scan as well as research. This helps the company in making decision in the most appropriate way. Samsung launches some new product in the market and this gives rise to range of excitement among the minds of potential customers (Foxall 2014). Samsung users are on excitement phase for getting new as well as updated mobile phones. Macro Environment Factors Samsung business environment is largely affected by both external as well as internal influences. This majorly affects both local as well as global performance of close products. Macro environment can be easily understood with the help of PESTEL analysis for gaining understanding of the external analysis (Chan, He and Wang 2012). PESTEL Analysis Political Environmental Factors These factors points out the government guidelines involving the intensity of economy intervention as well as types of goods and services at the same time. Investors are required to offers its citizens as well as priorities in stipulated time in case of providing business support. According to Best (2012), country political legislation affects various fundamental areas like education of the workforce as well as level of infrastructure and health of the nation. Samsung Company is subjected in viewing at the political risks levels for operational attributes (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Level of political risks varies from one country to other and considers as one of the tormenting factor. Samsung Company now faces political instability especially at home country. Situation of home country is quite dissimilar as well as not intense in measuring attributes in and against other countries. Samsung experiences inconvenient business environment in countries like Africa and South Ea st Asia. The business environment in these countries is hostile in nature possessing negative impact on Samsung Company. Countries like China as well as India offers advantageous business environment that majorly focus on markets in an overall manner (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Economic Environmental Factors Economic factors include interplay between finance as well as resources of a particular country. This factor consists of interest taxes, economic development and growth, taxation dynamics as well as inflation and foreign exchange rates. These factors mainly posses remarkable impact on the business operations of Samsung Company (Goworek and McGoldrick 2015). High interest rates majorly have tendency in reducing the borrowing capability for future analysis purpose. Inflation majorly affects higher salaries by employees that increase operational cost. This particular economic situation influencing decisions of Samsung Company Social-Cultural Environment Factors Social environmental factors involve customs, practices as well as tradition varying from one social group to other (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). This revolves around variations for checking the social status affecting demand for a particular product. Readiness of people deals directly with work. Ageing is one of the social factors that posses tendency for increasing the pension payments by business firms. Samsung has succeeded in overcoming the social challenges by incorporation especially in new markets (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Technological Environment Factors Technological factors involve inventions change products as well as production process. One of the instance of innovation means online market as well as bar coding and other computer aided designs in advancement of technology (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). One of the benefits of technology is the ability in cutting down production costs as well as improving quality at the same time. Samsung Company has strong usage of technology and ability in graining towards culture of innovativeness. Samsung believes in technological inventions that employs in introduction of new products in global marketplace (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Environmental Factors Environmental factors involve weather as well as climate variations that influences over business operations. It means that increased ways for safeguarding the environment for creation of impact on given industries like transportation industry (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). In case of current climate change, spreadsheets by global warming affecting the business largely Legal Environment Factors Legal factors associates with operations with the company. Legal constraint influences over business operations as well as demand characteristics of consumers. Adopting minimum wage rate policy by government largely affects business firm as increasing the cost of production (Lee and Carter 2012). SWOT Analysis of Samsung Company Strength Weakness Samsung Company believes in providing innovative designs in its products (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company engages in integration of open source operating system as well as software Samsung Company has low cost of production(Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company has largest market share especially in mobile phone market Samsung Company is recognizable brand across the world (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company has strong brand reputation Samsung Company has strong research and development department (Lee and Carter 2012) Samsung Company focus on best cost and quality Samsung Company has too large product diversity as well as sale stability Samsung Company is the first mover advantages in most of the countries Samsung Company growing market share develops in the developing countries like India as well as Bangladesh Samsung Company has strong intelligence especially in gaining marketing capabilities Samsung Company has large skilled employees in and around the world with 489000 Samsung Company majorly captures more than 40% market shares especially in Netherlands Samsung Company suffers from low profit margins (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company damages its image due to infringement (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company lacks focus on product diversity Samsung Company lacks essential operating system (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company has less quality after making comparison with Apple Inc. Samsung Company depends largely on consumer electronics (Lee and Carter 2012) Samsung Company uses Android operating system that has various disadvantages as well Samsung Company majorly depends upon software (Lee and Carter 2012) Opportunities Weakness Samsung Company in Indian Smartphone is growing at faster pace (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013) Most of the individuals using features phones switches to use smart phones (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). There is growing demand for technologically advanced phone (Lee and Carter 2012) Samsung Company has strong financial position Samsung Company has growth especially in tablet market (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Samsung Company has the opportunity in involving in acquisition of new companies There are large number of competitors for Samsung Company Samsung Company competitors includes Apple and HTC (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013) Chinese competitors are majorly gaining over competitive advantage (Lee and Carter 2012) Individuals shows interest in purchase f good quality smart phones (Lee and Carter 2012) There are large number of products falling under one and affects others at the same time There are huge threat from Chinese as well as Indian and Taiwanese products (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Marketing Objectives of Samsung Company (SMART Objectives) S Means Specific Samsung Company should conduct specific activities for carrying out proper sales planning by the sales manager (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). They should enter into 3D video Gaming market by collaborating with Microsoft. It will help in capitalizing on growing video gaming market as well as intends in partnership with Microsoft. It helps in developing virtual gaming product at the same time (Lee and Carter 2012). M Means Measurable Samsung Company should implement strategies that can be measurable in qualitative and quantitative terms (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). This company should launch comprehensive campaign that focus majorly on gaining competitiveness in 3D technology. A Means Achievable Samsung Company should implement strategies that should be achievable in the upcoming financial year (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). This particular company should achieve market dominance and leads the market position in the most appropriate way R Means Relevant Samsung Company should implement strategies that should be relevant in nature for future purpose (Samsung.com 2016). This particular company involves in advancement of product for the potential market. T Means Time Bound Samsung Company should implement strategies that should be performed on time for future purpose. This particular company need to focus majorly on innovative strategies and engages in research and development activities (Samsung.com 2016). This will help in gaining understanding on the needs as well as expectations of the customers. Perceptual Mapping Perceptual Map is a visual representation whereby target customers viewed as competing with nearest competitors alternatives representing the present market condition (Samsung.com 2016). There are various characteristics of Perceptual Map explained below: Pair-wise distances noticed between product alternatives indicating the closeness of the products especially in the minds of customers (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Vector on the map reveals the fact as it indicates both magnitude as well as direction in the Euclidean space. Vectors are majorly considered as denoting attributes with perceptual maps (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Axes on the map reveal special set of vectors that suggests underlying dimensions characterising for the customers in differentiating between alternatives (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Figure: Perpetual Mapping of Samsung (Source: Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013) Perceptual Mapping Process It is mainly specified in viewing at the relevancy of objects as well as products for the company named as Samsung Relevance means set of products that is selected from set of competitive products in managerial decision-making process (Samsung.com 2016) There are three major possible methodologies for collection of information on consumers perception from products (Samsung.com 2016). First method reveals the similarity-based method using multi-dimensional scaling (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Second method means attribution based method considering factor analysis (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013) Third method is the joint space mapping adding up perception and preference factor (Samsung.com 2016) Uses of Perceptual Maps Customer Analysis as well as competitive analysis- It requires understanding the competitive market structure as perceived by customers. It is positioned in relation with competition as well as selection as a set of competitors competing in the near future. It represents customers perceptions for bringing effective communication as well as discussing with the management of Samsung Company (Samsung.com 2016). Product- It involves perceptions of the new product within the existing brands in the current global marketplace (Samsung.com 2016). 4 Ps of Marketing mix Product Strategy Samsung Company offers wide-range of diverse product mix in the market. It offers LED, LCD as well as Plasma 3D TVs, mobiles and other electronic goods. Samsung products come under sources of income matrix. Samsung products offer thinnest TV that is technologically advanced with streaming with live television and also offer a diverse range of mobiles also. One of the advantages of Samsung Company is the buying Samsung 3D TV for the consumer that is technologically advanced in nature. This mainly offers Samsung gaining brand recognition in the global marketplace. Offering of various implemented designs in the product also help the company to create a better image in the marketing strategies.(Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). Price Strategy Samsung Company prices ranges from $1200 to $7000. They offer diver range of product mix starting from mobile phones, Television and other electronic products. Development of the diverse range of price for the mobiles that have created an impact in the market that attract the diverse range of consumers towards the market. It has been found that the company has concentrated on the price strategy to develop better market capture comparing with the rival companies. Place Strategy Samsung Company believes in providing its products in and across the world predominantly in North America and Europe. It also has market share in Asia market (Samsung.com 2016). Samsung has designed the product for every age group and for every segments of the market and thus the proper placement of the product is very essential for the market growth. In this aspect it is important to develop appropriate proportion of outlets in the target market. Samsung has maintained that aspect in a proper way in every country . Promotion Strategy Samsung Company focuses mainly on launching advertising campaigns as well as spends billions of dollars in and across continents such as North America as well as Asia. This company spend more than $8 million for advertising its products in Europe and $3 billion in Asia individually. They also use celebrity endorsement for promoting their newly launched products (Homburg, Kuester and Krohmer 2013). In this regard it has been found that, Samsung is contributing the major attention towards the implication of digital media for the proper promotion of the Samsung mobiles. As mentioned already Samsung is spending a lot in the promotion and major involvement in the social media is contributing towards the development of the proper promotion of the Samsung products. Project Development Projects- Samsung Company has collaborated with the world leading renewable energy companies involving CS wind, Siemens as well as clean energy components. This involves wind towers as well as blades and solar modules. It renders manufacturing facilities in Ontario. Samsung focus mainly on working on the major components as well as solar projects at the same time. These projects act as attainment of largest cluster of wind as well as solar power. It has direct Agreement committing towards collaborating for investment purpose. Conclusion and Recommendations At the end of the study, it is concluded that Samsung Company leads the current market in electronics section. It is further suggested in involving in various innovative activities for retaining in the global marketplace. It is advisable to Samsung Company in taking initiatives as well as providing more environmentally friendly electronic products for gaining the leadership position. Samsung Company enhances in conducting advertisement campaigns for creation of greater brand awareness. Samsung Company needs to consider aspects regarding attainment of Corporate Social Responsibility. Samsung Company needs to enhance their brand image by engaging in social causes like good corporate image as well as for people. Samsung Company should make improvement in the after sales services as satisfaction leads directly to customer retention policies. Samsung Company should make ways for conduct efficient research and development activities. Conclusions are drawn by using SWOT analysis of Samsung Company. Strategies involve digital vision as innovation as well as meeting challenges and creativity. Target debt-to-equity ratio arrives at 50% and 7% of total revenues should be under research and development activities. This company has overseas partners namely technology transfer arrangements as well as joint investments. Reference List Apple.com, 2016.Apple Info - Apple. [online] Apple.com. Available at: https://www.apple.com/about/ [Accessed 23 Sep. 2016]. Best, R., 2012. Market-based management. Pearson Higher Ed. Chan, H.K., He, H. and Wang, W.Y., 2012. 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